COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS

COMPARATIVOS
     
1-2 sílabas ( acabado en Y )      ADJ +ER THAN

2- más sílabas                            MORE ADJ THAN

SUPERLATIVOS

1-2 sílabas ( acabado en Y)     THE ADJ + EST

2 más sílabas                           THE MOST ADJ

• Los adjetivos que terminan con vocal seguida de una consonante duplican la consonante final antes de agregar las terminaciones -er or -est:
• Los adjetivos de dos sílabas que terminan en  -y  cambian por  i  y entonces agregan las terminaciones   -er or -est:
• Los comparativos y superlativos  "irregulares" cambian totalmente

good << better << best

bad << worse << worst

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

To be                               Was / Were


Positive Negative Question

no differences I spoke. I did not speak. Did I speak?

For irregular verbs, use the past form (see list of irregular verbs , 2nd column). For regular verbs, just add “ed”.

INFINITIVE	PAST	P.P.	TRANSLATION
BE	WAS-WERE	BEEN	SER-ESTAR
BUY	BOUGHT	BOUGHT	COMPRAR
COME	CAME	COME	VENIR
DO	DID	DONE	HACER
DRINK	DRANK	DRUNK	BEBER
EAT	ATE	EATEN	COMER
GIVE	GAVE	GIVEN	DAR
GO	WENT	GONE	IR
HAVE	HAD	HAD	TENER-TOMAR
KNOW	KNEW	KNOWN	CONCER-SABER
MEET	MET	MET	CONOCER A ALGUIEN
READ	READ	READ	LEER
SEE	SAW	SEEN	VER
TAKE	TOOK	TAKEN	HACER-TOMAR
TEACH	TAUGHT	TAUGHT	ENSEÑAR
THINK	THOUGHT	THOUGHT	PENSAR
WRITE	WROTE	WRITTEN	ESCRIBIR

Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ‘ed’

Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example

after a final e only add d love – loved

final consonant after a short, stressed vowel

or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled admit – admitted

travel – travelled

final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried

Tanto en la forma interrogativa como en negativa se utiliza como auxiliarDID que es la forma pasada del verbo "TO DO" y acompaña al verbo principal en su forma infinitiva. En las negaciones puede utilizarse la forma contraída de DID NOT o sea DIDN'T. Form of Simple Past

HAY - NO HAY - ¿HAY?

THERE IS                                   Singular
                                                                             +     HAY
THERE ARE                               Plural




THERE ISN'T                           Singular
                                                                              -     NO HAY
THERE AREN'T                       Plural




IS THERE                               Singular
                                                                               ?    ¿HAY?
ARE THERE                           Plural

A / AN - SOME - ANY

A / AN                                                  Contables Singular          +   -   ?



                                                             Contables Plural
SOME                                                                                        +
                                                             Incontables      



                                                             Contables plural
ANY                                                                                          -   ?
                                                             Incontable

PRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect.

Have  + P.P.

I
YOU           HAVE
WE             ' VE
THEY

HE              HAS
SHE              'S
IT            

Auxiliar haber + participio
                                                       PLAY-PLAYED
                                                       STUDY-STUDIED
             Regular           V + ED       CHAT-CHATTED
P.P.                                                 LIVE-LIVED
             Iregular

El presente perfecto se utiliza para hablar de una acción que comenzó
 en el pasado pero que sigue en el presente.

I have lived here sinde 2002
He vivido aquí desde 2002


- HAVEN'T  + P.P.
                                                  (negativo)
- HASN'T     + P.P.



HAVE
              + SUJETO  + P.P.     (interrogativo)  
HAS


FOR       = DURANTE

EVER     = ALGUNA VEZ

NEVER  = NUNCA

SINCE    = DESDE

AL READY =  YA (+)

YET = YA  (?)
            TODAVÍA  (-)

JUST = ACABO DE...
              JUSTO AHORA...

POSSESSIVE FORMS

                                             

PRONOMBRES SUJETO	DETERMINANTES POSESIVOS	CD/CI	PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS
Personal Pronouns	Possessive Adjetives	Object Pronouns	Possessive Pronouns
I	MY	ME	MINE
YOU	YOUR	YOU	YOURS
HE	HIS	HIM	HIS
SHE	HER	HER	HERS
IT	ITS	IT	ITS
WE	OUR	US	OURS
YOU	YOUR	YOU	YOURS
THEI	THEIR	THEM	THEIRS

IRREGULAR VERBS

IRREGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE	PAST	P.P.	TRANSLATION
BE	WAS-WERE	BEEN	SER-ESTAR
BUY	BOUGHT	BOUGHT	COMPRAR
COME	CAME	COME	VENIR
DO	DID	DONE	HACER
DRINK	DRANK	DRUNK	BEBER
EAT	ATE	EATEN	COMER
GIVE	GAVE	GIVEN	DAR
GO	WENT	GONE	IR
HAVE	HAD	HAD	TENER-TOMAR
KNOW	KNEW	KNOWN	CONCER-SABER
MEET	MET	MET	CONOCER A ALGUIEN
READ	READ	READ	LEER
SEE	SAW	SEEN	VER
TAKE	TOOK	TAKEN	HACER-TOMAR
TEACH	TAUGHT	TAUGHT	ENSEÑAR
THINK	THOUGHT	THOUGHT	PENSAR
WRITE	WROTE	WRITTEN	ESCRIBIR

FUTURE

WILL + V                                     Futuro de predicción.      tiempo meteorológico

BE GOING TO                             Futuro de intención.        planes

PRESENT CONTINUOUS          Futuro  inmediato            planes inmediatos



WILL

SUJ          WILL + V                       +

SUJ          WILL NOT + V              -

WILL       SUJ         V                     ?


BE GOING TO



                 AM
SUJ           IS               GOING TO + V              +          
                ARE

               'M NOT
 SUJ        ISN'T           GOING TO +V                -
               AREN'T


AM
IS                 SUJ + GOING TO + V
ARE

MODALES

Modales




CAN: POSIBILIDAD. PERMISO (PODER, SABER)  Habilidad.

SUJ + CAN + INF....+
SUJ + CAN'T +INF....-
CAN +SUJ +INF....?

MUST: OBLIGACIÓN (DEBER)

SUJ + MUST + INF...+
SUJ + MUSTN'T + INF...-
MUST + SUJ + INF...?

SHOULD: RECOMENDACIÓN (DEBERÍA)

SUJ + SHOULD + INF...+
SUJ + SHOULDN'T + INF...-
SGIYKDN'T + SUJ + INF...?